Organisation Equality and Diversity Research

Question: Talk about the Organization Equality and Diversity Research. Answer: Presentation: It is frequently been disputable that sympathy and trust are basic and significant for having a powerful and helpful workforce in an association. It ought to likewise be noticed that trust is basic in all parts of life, for example individual, expert and social. It guzzles kinships encouraging dealings and haggling that limits expenses of exchange identified with between hierarchical trades. Clashes in regards to worldwide legislative issues are likewise settled through trust and sympathy (Basu, 2014). The choices of an association, generally identified with speculations are likewise influenced. Trust encourages speculations of benefits in a viable manner by offering confirmation to the gatherings that there would be no occasion of dealing power misuse post understanding creation. Compassion and trust can be viewed as central fixings to acquire a gainful and positive work process and nature (Colgan, 2015). Writing Overview: The idea of sympathy and trust has gotten so unmistakable in scholarly examination and open discussion. The enthusiasm for these skills, particularly in the created nations is identified with the issue of trust declining in both administrative and private associations and the experts working. This worry has been raised by banters as social capital movement in the creating nations. Gladman, Porock Griffiths said that it ought to be noticed that trust is considered as a main consideration that impacts perspectives like relationship showcasing, speculations of capital, multifaceted correspondence and well as different kinds of participation (Gladman, Porock Griffiths, 2014). It has gotten significant with time to have legitimate trust the board inside the associations. According to Hill, the task manages the audit of sympathy and trust in an association. Notwithstanding, significant difficulties that are methodological and theoretical that will be tended to while investigating this indi spensable idea (Hill, 2015). Trust has been a significant factor for expectation of results identified with helpful conduct, authoritative duty, citizenship conduct in an association, and reliability of the workers. So as to construct trust among the workers inside an association, it ought to be the ideal objectives of the considerable number of representatives. According to Heales et al, the test is the means by which to create and endeavors to keep up the trust among the workers and by the representatives in the association. Sympathy and trust are the basics to have powerful correspondence, comprehension, and connections (Heales et al., 2016). These two components are basic for creating and improving the arrangements, holding and winning the business alongside diffusing or dodging clashes. Trust and sympathy are important to hold the clients and taking care of the grumblings (Henderson Bigby, 2016). As indicated by the ongoing occasions, there is more interest to be progressively proficient in correspondence s o as to be fruitful in taking care of business just as life. As per Love, Lopez Kim, the means related with deals that are shutting strategies, influence, advantages and highlights don't contribute in building connections and affinity that can be determined as trust, compassion, thoughtful and getting interchanges. Influence from one side doesn't support for a more drawn out term and is frequently seen as annoying, for the most part while dealing with the protests (Love, Lopez Kim, 2014). Sympathy and trust are much increasingly essential to accomplish and have a feasible business just as close to home connections. There have been cases; it is difficult to sell when numerous purchasers and individuals related with business are very little keen on presenting themselves to the conditions where there are odds of being approached to decide (Lewis, 2015). This outcomes in additional weight on the appearance procedure of an arrangement. For this unique aptitudes are required to deal with the conditions under which business is executed. Petersen, Tabita Agger said that the majority of the business masters who are related with the zones of the executives, correspondences, and self-improvement are alluded in a few or the other route to the criticalness of sympathy which the genuine understanding of the sentiments and position of the other individual. Being able to step back and put forth attempts in accomplishing separation from feelings is important for having productive and powerful connections (Petersen, Tabita Agger, 2015). Trust has been concentrated in different orders and each control has its own definitions, discoveries, and ideas. For the most part trust is treated as a state, desire or confidence in a positive way. According to Shanahan et al, it can likewise be characterized as the desires that individuals, or organizations or gatherings with which we interact with collaborate and cooperate and act in conductive manners to prosperity of all (Shanahan et al., 2015). Nonetheless, in the greater part of the cases being certain about others isn't achievable as others end up being free operators and believing them is a sort of bet that includes certain dangers. It is hazardous for the future and the possibility is the activity of others. There are various models of trust, the vast majority of them take the tractors viewpoint or are static. Among the couple of proposers of trust hypotheses, Zand is one who presents a conspicuous intuitive model. Thought is made among P and O to be two people in the scene. On the off chance that it happens that P needs trust, he will in general reveal some exact or significant data, become not ready to impact sharing and tend to control O (Tierney et al., 2014). On the off chance that the supposition that is taken that O is deficient with regards to trust and sees the underlying conduct of P as not worth trusting. O will feel the legitimization in doubting P. As P will see conduct of O as not worth believing, he will get the affirmation in the desire which he had at first that O would not worth trusting and P will in general carry on with lesser trust than when he entered. A few highlights of trust ideas are additionally discovered, for example, Trust is relational Trust is situational as opposed to a worldwide impact Trust must be deliberate as it is a decision and not impulse. Trust relies upon being cognizant as both the gatherings are a lot of mindful of one another's trust. Compassion is the limit of relating and encountering the feelings, experience or considerations of others. Compassion can be committed to be considerably more than customary compassion that is having the option to help and comprehend others with affectability or empathy. According to Uppal, in a work environment condition, being sympathetic can show regard for partners demonstrating the consideration which resembles going converse of the standards and guidelines (Uppal, 2016). It tends to be considered as an integral asset in the belt of initiative of a very much regarded and popular official. Sympathy, in an association, offers ascend to a protected inclination with individual disappointments. Pioneers are additionally urged to comprehend the fundamental driver of performing ineffectively. One of the models of compassion was inferred by Fleiss. He expressed that sympathy is the preliminary distinguishing proof and its procedure can be depicted as to include four sections that are particular. The initial segment remembers the examiner as the object of make progress toward a person. Also, the subsequent individual relates to the main individual who is to be underlined and recreates him (Walton, 2015). In the wake of having encountered the difficulty of the individual, the expert reflects it back to the primary individual with information that in inside. From the expressed procedure, the investigator procures the nuts and bolts of feelings for their understanding. Demonstrative Tools Used During the Study: Johari Window: This is a method which is utilized in helping individuals in understanding associations with others just as themselves. This device was made by analysts Harrington Ingham and Joseph Luft in the year 1955. It was utilized during the investigation as this device essentially helped bunches that are self improvement commonly and corporate associations as heuristic exercise. According to Wates, this activity included subjects who were furnished with a rundown of modifiers and they needed to pick some that appeared to them as portraying their character (Wates, 2014). The friends of the subject were given the rundown and each individual needed to pick modifiers of a similar number that gave the portrayal of the subject. The descriptive words were then positioned in a framework during the examination. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Questionnaire: The second device that was utilized during the examination was the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Questionnaire which had numerous sets of explanations which depicted likely reactions relating to the conduct with respect to a circumstance of contention. One needed to pick either An or B among the alternatives in the event that they related to the conduct of the people. On the off chance that it didn't resound with their conduct, they were allowed to choose the announcement or reactions which the person would want to utilize more. A portion of the announcements from the survey are: There are circumstances when I happen to let others be responsible for critical thinking. Rather than arranging things whereupon we deviate, I give endeavors on those issues on which both the gatherings concur. A. I give endeavors in finding a trading off arrangement. I happen to deal with the entirety of the worries, both of the other party's and mine. The third instrument that was utilized by during the gathering study was the Belbin group stock. It is an instrument that helps in estimating the conduct of each cooperative person and gives the language so as to guarantee that appropriate coordinated effort and correspondence of better comprehension occurs between the groups. Every single group is its decent variety and subsequently, Belbin group stock aided in recognizing the qualities and shortcomings of the group. This apparatus was utilized as it discovers application in the administration of progress, the executives of contention, training, enrollment and improvement of initiative (Zhang et al., 2014). The advancement of

Having A Required GPA For Extra Curricular Activities Essay Example for Free

Having A Required GPA For Extra Curricular Activities Essay I will traverse school on a football grant! How frequently have you heard that announcement asserted by the normal adolescent kid? Truth be told getting a full ride football grant to a college is incredibly troublesome. Rather individuals attempting to get grants through extra curricular game exercises should concentrate more on their scholastics. A few understudies are just doing extra curricular exercises with the goal that their school application will look better to managers. In any case, a 4.0 evaluation point normal is going to admission increasingly noteworthy to the chairmen then beneath normal evaluations and a huge amount of extra curricular exercises. By requiring a C grade point normal we could stop a great deal of the generalizing happening in most secondary schools. Additionally, extraordinary measures of duty will be earned for individuals shuffling both the C grade normal and extra curricular exercises. This extra experience and duty will enable the individual to prevail to a more noteworthy level in their grown-up life. In the event that you are a team promoter, at that point you should be dumb. On the off chance that you get above 90% in practically any class, at that point you should be a geek. Generalizing is an unpleasant thing happening everywhere throughout the country today. The most pessimistic scenario of this is in secondary school. What is the reason for these generalizations? The exercises you participate in and how well you are getting along outside of these exercises. Understudies with passing marks that are in numerous clubs are a greater amount of thought as the geeks and goody-products of the school populace. The understudies on the football, b-ball, cheerleading, and practically some other game related group are thought of as blockhead. In the event that understudies were required to have a specific evaluation guide normal toward be on those groups they wouldnt be thought of as geeky or dumb. The school wide populace, while not totally generalization free, would have quieted down w ith a great deal of that generalizing. We would overcome any issues between the athletic and the scholarly. The more mindful you are the better you will be at prevailing at your ideal calling. Individuals that realize how to adapt to both scholarly and athletic fields will advance all the more at that point individuals that don't. On the off chance that the individual who is hoping to enlist another worker sees that you can oversee both of these fields they will think you are progressively dependable and pick you over a ton of different candidates. Obligation shifts into various structures, butâ it ordinarily matters most in your calling. Training is significant in each part of life. More than any measure of physicality you will require training to get by in regular daily existence. Numerous individuals figure they can get into a broadly positioned college in the event that they have a ton of extracurricular exercises. In spite of the fact that these look great on an application, kept up better than expected evaluations will look better. Regardless of whether you don't have flawless evaluations, a C normal and some extra curricular exercises will give you increasingly possibility of being acknowledged into the University of your Choice. In spite of the fact that you could contend that numerous understudies pride on their capacity to do these extra curricular exercises and their ability could probably get them a grant it isn't generally so. For instance, you could be chipping away at a football grant, in any case, just a normal of seventeen football grants are given out from a school for every year. Being gifted at a specific game will as a rule not set up you for school. Somebody who has the abilities and a superior kept up grade point normal will have a shockingly better possibility at getting that grant. In summation, it is my conviction that a C grade point normal ought to be required to take part in extracurricular exercises. It will significantly lessen the measure of generalizing occurring in most secondary schools. Greater obligation will be earned, thusly making your progression in a calling simpler. Likewise, the more instruction you have, the simpler it will be for acknowledgment into most colleges. The better your application looks the better your calling will be.

Sixth Grade Essay Topics

Sixth Grade Essay TopicsSixth grade essay topics are important if you want to get into college and if you want to graduate. There are lots of students who want to study hard but don't know where to start. So here are some tips for you to start writing a good essay in sixth grade.Write down your goals for the year - If you're already in sixth grade and you've been going to school for a long time, then you might have a lot of goals already on your list. It's the time where you should be focused on getting into college so it's best to write down your goals and figure out how you want to achieve them. When you write down your goals, make sure that you write down how you intend to achieve those goals. Your goals should also be written out clearly and by the time you graduate, you will have a good idea of what you want to do with your life.Write about yourself - The first time you write anything is the most important time. You should always start writing a year before, no matter what. When you are in sixth grade, your essay topics might differ from fifth grade. So start writing your first five pages a year ahead of time. Then when you get into sixth grade, you should focus on writing the rest of your essay topics.Focus on your skills - When you come up with essay topics, think about your skills as a writer. Make sure that you focus on improving your skills so that you can learn about them. You can do this by taking a lot of practice tests, keeping yourself updated by reading books and other materials on the topic and making sure that you are well-versed in the subject matter.Find out about the school and the people - There are lots of topics that are common essay topics that you should cover. Make sure that you look at your subjects in the sixth grade so that you can know about the kinds of subjects that are common in the school. You should also take into consideration the kind of schools that the students are from. If you were born in California, then you might not be able to talk about the topics from California so don't worry too much about that.Write about family members - If you have family members who are in high school, then it's time for you to write about your subject's from them. Try to find out about their interests, hobbies and the subjects that they like to write about. You should also take into consideration that your classmates might like to write about topics from their own families. Be creative and do something that you haven't done before. That way, you'll be a lot more likely to write about topics that they like to write about.Talk about people from your class - Everyone knows someone in their class who has the same interest as you do. Find out what that person is doing. Talk to them and ask them questions so that you can connect with them. This is also the time when you should talk to other people from your class. You might be able to find out how that person has been studying and take some advice from them.These are just so me of the tips for writing successful topics in sixth grade. You should always be creative and try to write about subjects that are interesting to you. If you follow these tips, you should be able to put together an interesting essay for you to read at your next school meeting.

Reflection On My Decision Letter - 1434 Words

Upon hearing my decision to resign, Alice became elated. However, that very afternoon, I began to retract my decision. I realised my emotions got the better of me. Emotions, what are they anyway? Reactions to our experiences, making them truly unreliable. In the heat of the moment, I quit my job. Not just my job, but my attachment to Angelo. What did I feel for him, anyway? Friendship? Love? Or simply an infatuated crush? A week has passed since the poker game incident, I haven t made any contact with Angelo, yet he continues to occupy my mind both day and night. I m scheduled to sing tonight. However, after a long debate with myself, I decided to stay home, to test Angelo if you will. If Alice s assumptions are correct, he will notice†¦show more content†¦I can’t tell how many times she has passed it. I rest my cheek on the palm of my hand and point to her phone. â€Å"Oh, thank you. What about my shoes?† Her lips remain in the O shape they made when she said shoes. I point towards the door, the same place she leaves her work shoes after every shift. She leans against the door as she puts on her shoes. â€Å"I’m not sure what time I’ll be home tonight, but I ll have my phone, so call me if you need to and I ll come straight home.† I tilt my head skyward. I know she means well, but enough with the mother hen act. She takes me by surprise when her arms enclose around me. â€Å"I love you, babe.† She remains behind me, resting her chin on my shoulder. I cup my hand around hers. â€Å"I love you too, Mum.† She chuckles as she releases me. â€Å"Fine, I m going.† ï » ¿By eight o clock, the first kaleidoscope of butterflies invades my stomach, he ll notice I’m not there soon. I remain laying on the sofa with my knees curled close to my chest, my arms wrapped around my knees, cradling myself. Some game show plays on the television, but I m clueless to what s happening. The presenter raises the guests enthusiasm as he shouts out in joyful banter. The audience claps and cheers when someone wins, I assume. I can t concentrate on it, I can t concentrate on anything as my thoughts play on a continuous loop. Does he care enough about me? When will he phone? What will I say if heShow MoreRelatedDr. King s Letter Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesbest response to this letter I read this over multiple times and in doing so I could not ignore the potent reality of the social injustice issues in the United States, in particular, Birmingham, in the 1960s. Throughout this powerful letter, Dr. King respectfully addresses his conscious intentions in tr ying to acknowledge the situation. The purpose of my reflection paper is to analyze the content and recognize my initial reactions. 1. The main thesis of Dr. King’s letter was to acknowledge hisRead MoreSocial Work Child Observation Report1545 Words   |  7 Pages The Negotiation. Introduction. 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Also, I get feedback from my mentor teacher and the co-teacher in the classroom on things that they noticed that I could improveRead MoreThe, Formation And Reflection : A Key Indicator Of The Depth1717 Words   |  7 Pagesand compose doctrinal works, professionally as it were, and those to whom the compositions are ultimately intended to empower to action. Any attempt to diminish this divide proves to be challenging, yet deeply significant. The book, Formation and Reflection: The Promise of Practical Theology, enlists some great minds and theorists to identify current key aspects of this caveat to impart principles that propose a way to draw a bridge that can help not only span this lacuna but draw the sides togetherRead MoreLove in the Cornhusks902 Words   |  4 Pages      â€Å"LOVE IN THE CORNHUSKS† By: Aida Rivera Ford Setting:  The  story  happens  in  a  Barrio. 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My father was strict and a disciplinarian; he did not allow my family to be out of the house after 6:00 p.m. He believed that it was important to have every member of the family home forRead MoreSocial Care Reflection Paper1406 Words   |  6 Pagesand after school programs is quite expensive, and my family relies on the help of family and friends instead. I personally enjoyed my time spent with my grandmother growing up, and I also enjoy the time I spend with my sister when I take care of her. I pick her up at least once a CRITICAL REFLECTION PAPER 4 week from school and watch her until one of my parents come home from work. As Titmuss states, we

Zara Strategy - 4700 Words

Introduction * Definition of terms * Strategy The primary goal of strategy is to outline long term plans a company would undertake taking into consideration several factors which affect its business environment. It is in other words a broad-based formula for how a business is going to accomplish its mission, what its goals should be and what plans and policies will be needed to carry out those goals. * E commerce The online environment is flooded with a lot of transactional activities. It is used by people (consumers) in search of a product or a service, businesses looking to sell to customers, or buy from other businesses as the case may be and even the government in its dealings with individuals and corporations.†¦show more content†¦With regards to their products, they use ecological fabrics, organic cotton and manufacture only PVC free footwear. They even include their transport facilities. Their fleet of lorries is fuelled with 5% biodiesel which cuts their CO2 emissions by 500 tons annually. Zara.com Zara’s operated hitherto as a brick and mortar company, but soon ventured into the e commerce realm by opening zara.com. However, its main purpose was to showcase its brand and its products and didn’t offer any chances for online purchasing or trading of any form. The hesitation from launching out into e commerce was as a result of the high rates of product returns from unsatisfied customers. The average in the industry in around 2005 was 35% to 40%, compared to a much lower 8% to 11% for clothing bought in stores. Zara therefore preferred trading in the traditional way, with little exposure to the internet.Inditex to venture online in order to stay competitive and hope to overtake its major rivals, being H and M and Gap. Zara’s Performance. Current market situation The clothing sector is at present the second largest in the UK retail sector. The competition has tightened with supermarkets like Tesco launching their own value home brands. The market has recently been flooded with value fashion as Supermarkets for example launch their own brands. Bruce and Daly (2006:330) view the entrance of supermarkets into the clothing market hasShow MoreRelatedZara Operations Strategy4086 Words   |  17 Pagespurchases, inventory control, quality control, storage and logistics. A great deal of focus in operations is on efficiency and effectiveness of such a process. An example of successful operations strategy in the retail industry is the strategy employed by Zara which is discussed in this critique. Zara started as a single shop in La Coruna and then rapidly spread its wings to 68 countries; opening a store each day - one of the fastest global expansions the world has ever seen. Throughout the entireRead MoreBusiness Strategy Comparison: Zara and HandM2280 Words   |  10 PagesNamita S Rai TOPIC-WOMEN GARMENTS THE TWO MAJOR GLOBAL PLAYERS- ZARA AND Hamp;M PRODUCT-T-SHIRT COUNTRY- UK Zara History of Zara Marked as the first prestigious venture of the Inditex group the first store of Zara, the chain of Spanish fashion stores came into reality on central A Coruna Street in 1975. In 1985, Amancio Ortega integrated Zara in a new holding company, Industria de Diseno Textil, INDITEX S.A. The Zara fashion concept was well received by the public later in 1976, allowingRead MoreMarketing Strategies Of Zara From 4 Parts1899 Words   |  8 Pagessustainable competitive edge is explained as Marketing strategy.† The effective operation of marketing strategies can help enterprises pinpoint the direction of sale and make a sale planning revolving around market strategies which play an important role in any companies. Fashion enterprises are no exception. Zara is one of the biggest international fashion companies and Inditex is her parent firm which is largest clothing retailer in the world. Nowadays, Zara already has more than 2000 stores in 88 countriesRead MoreZara Strategy3439 Words   |  14 Pages------------------------------------------------- Masters in Financial Management ------------------------------------------------- 2011 - 2012 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Zara: responsive, high speed, affordable fashion ------------------------------------------------- Strategic Management Prof Dr Peter Verhezen Quynh Lan Nguyen Engaging in irregularities is severely sanctioned in correspondence with articleRead MoreZara Postponement Strategy1702 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The case of Zara – The Postponement strategy I) Introduction In order to compete in the world of rising globalization and shortening of product life cycle nowadays, firms have to deal with the demand for increasing product variety to meet the diverse needs of customers. Mass customization has become a requirement for many businesses especially in the dynamic, fast-changing industries. However, the more product varieties, the more difficult it is to forecast demand, control inventory and manufactureRead MoreStrategy of Zara Burberry1298 Words   |  6 Pages| | | | [STRATEGY OF ZARA amp; BURBERRY] | | TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 STRATEGIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 CONCLUSION: COMPARISON ZARA VS BURBERRY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 REFERENCES.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction ABOUT ZARA†¦ Zara started operations in Spain in 1975, and now operates in 74 countries worldwide. Zara is one of the largest international fashion companies and it is owned by INDITEX, one of the world’s largest distributionRead MoreZara Corporate Strategy1203 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Strategy – Zara The  core concept of Zara s business model is they sell medium quality fashion clothing at affordable prices, and vertical integration and quick-response is key to Zara s business model.   Through the  entire process  of Zara s business system: designing, sourcing and manufacturing, distribution and retailing, they presented four  fundamental  success factors: short cycle time, small batches per product, extensive variety of product every season and heavy investment inRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Zara1394 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. The success of companies largely depends on its marketing strategies. It has thus become necessary for businesses to invest heavily in marketing to have chances of succeeding in the market. Zara, just like any other big business organization employs unique marketing model to help it achieve its targets. This paper examines the fashion marketing strategy and brand development strategies of Zara. Company Background Zara is a Spanish chain store of Inditex Group, one of the world’s biggestRead MoreZara Operation Strategy1286 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Concept 2 Four Perspectives of Operation Strategy 2 Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Perspective 3 Top-Down Perspective 4 Bottom-Up Perspective 4 Market Requirement versus Operations Resources 4 Market Requirement Perspective 5 Operation Resources Perspective 5 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 Introduction Zara is a Spanish fashion and accessories retailers that founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera (Ledesma, 2013). Zara designs, manufactures their apparel, footwearRead MorePorters Analysis of Zara Essay1934 Words   |  8 PagesMGT136- Management Themes and Perspectives Strategy MGT136-1 Provide an analysis of an organisation explaining the relative importance of each of Porter’s Five Forces for the organisation’s strategic position. You should support your arguments with evidence from the company and/or the relevant literature. Zara has been the major pioneer of ‘disposable’ fashion; which makes up over 12% of the UK clothing industry. Zara outperforms its rivals in profitability, brand identity, and its successful

Rhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal - 1863 Words

Rhetorical Analysis: A Modest Proposal In â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† Jonathan Swift provides a satirical exploration of the attitudes of the wealthy people towards the underprivileged and poor children in the society. Laymen and intellectuals during the late seventeenth century distributed political pamphlets containing different ideas throughout Ireland. In his essay, Swift utilizes some of the overlooked pamphlets during this period and develops an ironic proposal. As a colony of the British, Ireland had endured long years of prejudicial discrimination and tyrannical oppression since the twelfth century. In this regard, the British dominated the political life of the Irish people. Moreover, religious divisions within Ireland were becoming apparent. Roman Catholicism was the prominent religion in most of Ireland. With the onset of Protestantism, the number of Catholics dwindled significantly. Since the Protestants became the majority in the country, they were able to lock the Catholics out from holding any position s in parliament and government. Moreover, the parliament could not convene without a direct edict of the English King. For this reason, the people of Ireland depicted growing dissatisfaction in their political, religious, and economic lives. In particular, Swift uses his essay to illustrate how bad the socio-economic status of the Irish people was during the seventeenth century. In the essay, Swift creates a narrator who speaks from the first person point of view.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal722 Words   |  3 PagesA Modest Rhetorical Analysis Since its original publishing in 1729, Jonathan Swift’s pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal† has endured for its rhetorical complexity (and sheer satirical absurdities). Through judicious use of ethos (ethical appeal), logos (logical appeal), and pathos (emotional appeal), Swift crafts a sarcastic, insincere, overly embellished argument to address Irelands food shortage and economic crisis meant to simultaneously entice and repulse readers. His audience is explicitly asked toRead MoreModest Proposal Rhetorical Analysis745 Words   |  3 Pageshim to make a proposal for a solution to poverty, where he ignores the concern of human morale by displaying the lacking efforts of England to help. Swift uses methods that work to get or help better understand a situation, for example being sarcastic in a situation where a person wants something out of the situation by satire. The undeniable effect of satire catches the attention of England to further display the poverty of Ireland which is displayed throughout Swift’s Modest Proposal with exaggerationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal1111 Words   |  5 Pagespeople were having to live under. Jonathan Swift, an Ireland satirist, felt obligated to change the conditions that the people of Ireland and himself were living in. In a proposal, Swift uses extreme irony and exaggeration to bring attention to what he is truly trying to reciprocate to his audience. Through â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift turns to the political leaders and the mistreated people of Ireland to offer his solution for the debt of Ireland, overpopulation, and general pride in one’s countryRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Swift s A Modest Proposal1076 Words   |  5 Pages Mansoon Acharya Kayla Schreiber H1003 October 10, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis on Swift’s A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal is a sarcastic humored essay that examines the attitude of the rich towards the poor starving children in their society. Swift uses many rhetorical devices. Swift uses logical metaphors, repetition, and humor, satire and sarcasm tone to point out the negative attitudes. He starts by blaming the mothers of the children by telling them they should work hard and work honestly insteadRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of a Modest Proposal Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAll the Wrong Things Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written in 1729 was his proposal â€Å"for preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to he publick† (Swift, Title). This proposal included the selling, skinning and buying of babies at the age of one. This proposal that he has come up with is a very inhuman and controversial one when it comes to being socially acceptable. Swift begins his essay by describingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift854 Words   |  4 PagesA Modest Proposal† is an essay by Jonathan Swift that gives some type of a solution to the hunger problem in Ireland. Swift espouse an ironic approach that guarantee a surprise ending. At the beginning of the essay, he cornerstones his proposal that will be good for the public and diminish economic troubles. The proposal that Swift advances concerns the selling of poor Irish children to the rich, so that they could suffice as food. In addition, he points out that this will ease the pressures on theRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Analysis of a Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift639 Words   |  3 PagesJohnathan Swift wrote Modest Proposal with the idea to better humanity.. When you first read it you miss what the true message is. You think â€Å"Man this guy is a monster!† or â€Å"He’s sick!†, but once you reach the end the true mea ning of the proposal hits you. When Jonathan Swift wrote a Modest Proposal he tried to get his audience to see the problem by taking it and providing an unethical and inhumane solution then using rhetorical devices to bring out people’s emotions. Of the many devices he usedRead MoreThe Shock Factor of A Modest Proposal by by Johnathan Swift 789 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis of â€Å"A Modest Proposal† â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Johnathan Swift was intended to use shock factor as incentive to get the British Parliament to come up with a workable plan to deal with the multitude of poor children in Ireland (Swift). If logic is applied to the proposal, ignoring the fact that the proposal was not meant to be taken seriously and the blatant sometimes over-the-top sarcasm occasionally used, several parts of it would cause an uproar and quite possibly a revolutionRead MoreNotes On Reading : Https1593 Words   |  7 Pagesto turnitin.com by 11:59pm on Monday, March 14th. Your answers will then be shared and discussed in groups, where you will then turn in ONE answer key per group based on specific questions from below and/or questions using your answers for deeper analysis. We will then further discuss this piece of writing. How does Swift want the reader to view the speaker? What features best describe the â€Å"persona† he adopts? Give examples from the text. Jonathan Swift wants the readers to view him as a pragmaticRead MoreEffective Persuasive Techniques Used By John Donne s `` The Flea ``1480 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Argument Techniques Effective argumentative and persuasive techniques are a course of reasoning aimed at validating or falsifying the truth in an argument. With an in-depth analysis of literature, the perplex intentions of a writer that use such techniques can be revealed. Methods such as logical fallacies, rhetorical devices, and satirical devices are three approaches that construct a piece of work on a more compelling level. Behind these elements of writing, there are a multitude of purposes

Lonliness And Friendship Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

Lonliness And Friendship Essay, Research Paper In Of Mice and Men, written by George Steinbeck, George and Lennie s vision is of a topographic point of their ain, where they can populate and hold coneies and can be protected from injury. As the two work forces think about their dreams of the hereafter, Candy, Crooks, and even Curley s married woman reveal that they besides have dreams of a life far different from this present one. George trusts Lennie excessively much and as a consequence, Lennie kills both Curley s married woman and George s dream at the same clip. The relationship between George and Lennie is alone in that the fieldhand is normally an stray individual. It is emphasized that two workers are virtually neer seen together. Lennie and George have an fond regard and apprehension between them ; their relationship is different and valuable. Their basic relationship is seen to be the get downing factor in their dream. We will write a custom essay sample on Lonliness And Friendship Essay Research Paper In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guys like us, that work on spreads, are the loneliest work forces in the universe. They don t belong no topographic point. With us it ain Ts like that. We got a hereafter. We got person to speak to that cares about us. The subject of solitariness is explained in many ways. Old Candy has merely one Canis familiaris and when it is killed, he hears of George and Lennie s dream and attaches h imself to them so that he won t terminal up someday wholly alone and outcast. Even after Lennie kills Curley s married woman, old Candy still wants to fall in George and transport out the dream. Besides, Crooks is betrayed to be on the brink of devastation, because a cat needs person to be near him Don t do no difference who the cat is, every bit long as he is with you. Crooks would be willing to come to the farm and work for nil merely to hold the chance to pass on with people. Curly s married woman finally is one of the loneliest people, Her behaviour is so despised, that no 1 comes really sympathetic, but she makes herself so violative because she is driven by her solitariness. She is overwhelmed by her isolation, from Curly, that she can merely repent her state of affairs. She seeks out Lennie s friendly relationship because the other work forces fear Curly and will hold nil to make with her. If George and Lennie s relationship did non be, the violent death of Lennie would non keep the calamity because, now George s life has become as lonely, and as defeated, as the lives of Curly, Candy, and Curly s married woman. Two of import facets of human nature brought out in the narrative are: the ability to dream and the desire to hold person to portion the dream with.

Do increases in tuition fees reduce access to post

Introduction Quality education is one of the public goods that every nation endeavors to deliver to its citizens by enacting relevant education policies. While in many nations including Canada, basic education is delivered by the state at much subsidized costs, financing post-secondary education causes people to dig deep into their pockets both in the developing and developed world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do increases in tuition fees reduce access to post-secondary education in Canada? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From an economist perspective, increasing the prices of public goods has the impact of reducing the demand for the public good. In this sense, increasing the fees for post-secondary education would mean a reduction in the accessibility levels. This paper seeks to provide a response as to whether this economic view applies for the case of Canadian post-secondary education. Impacts of increas ing tuition fees on accessibility to post-secondary education in Canada Affordability limits accessibility levels Hiking of fees for post-secondary education makes it only affordable by the wealthy people. This claim means that the less fortunate people would not have equal accessibility levels with the more fortunate members of the society (Kirby 268). Indeed, over the last 15 years, the tuition fee paid by Canadians has grown to thresholds that make fees account for the largest expense that is encountered by university and other higher education institutions students. This hiking has been attributed to cutting down public funding on post-secondary education by the federal government (Coelli 1072) and provincial governments (Easton and Rockerbie 194). Over the last two decades in Canada, a sharp cut from 84 percent to 57 percent on post secondary funding from the public kitty has been experienced. Over the same period, tuition fees grew on an upwards trend right from â€Å"14 perc ent of operating funding to over 34 percent† (Coelli 1081). This growth produces multiple impacts on the affordability of post-secondary education when compounded with a reduction in public spending on post secondary education. The overall effect of the reduction of funding of post-secondary education by the federal and provincial governments is that post-secondary education has shifted from a public-focused model to a more privatized fee model. Consequently, a rapid increment of fees without necessarily being accompanied by increased economic wellbeing of the Canadians makes the accessibility to post-secondary education fragmented and segregated based on people’s economic status. Hence, increasing tuition fees makes post-secondary education less affordable for middle and low-income households in Canada.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Relationship between debt level and post secondary education completion rates Although a reduction of public funding on post-secondary education has the impact of making low and middle-income families have limited accessibility to education as argued above, some critics argue that such families can still gain access to the education through debts. Their point is that the costs of education can be transferred into some future time meaning that increasing tuition fees would have minimal or even no impacts on the accessibility levels if the students would have accessibility to government and or other sources of educational loans (Finnie 156). While the above argument remains valid, research on the impacts of high tuition fees on post-secondary accessibility proves otherwise. For instance, Statistics Canada reports that low income families’ students are â€Å"less than a half as likely to participate in university than those from high incomes families† (17). In further support of this finding, Stat istics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada conducted yet another research referred to as ‘youth transition survey’ on which it found out that amongst the reasons cited by secondary school graduates for not participating in post secondary education was related to financial reasons (156). British Columbia researcher by the name Lori McElroy echoed similar results in his study that found out â€Å"students with little or no debt were more than twice as likely to finish their degree as students with high levels of debt† (McElroy 5). Based on these findings, debt levels are negatively correlated with post-secondary completion rates. Therefore, even though many people may consider funding the otherwise expensive post-secondary education with the readily accessible credit, risks associated with the credit may make people shun away from indulging in credit commitments in their pursuit of post-secondary education. The above argument is not only suppor ted by the discussed scholarly results within Canada. Elsewhere in the world, for instance in the US, similar results are obtained. For example, the University of California researchers based in Lose Angeles found, â€Å"for every $1,000 increase in tuition fees, enrolment rates dropped by 15 percent† (Kane 11).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Do increases in tuition fees reduce access to post-secondary education in Canada? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kane‘s study further demonstrated, â€Å"decrease in enrolment was composed almost exclusively from minority and low-income students† (Kane 12). Putting these results in the Canadian context, Canadian Association of University Teachers conducted an analysis of long-term effects of increasing tuition fees as â€Å"a proportion of after tax income in Canada† (205). The research found out that increasing tuition fees produced the most p ronounced impacts on the poor people in Canada. This case implies that accessibility of credit for funding post-secondary education whose fees has been on the rise for the last two decades does not reduce the impacts that high tuition fees has on accessibility levels to post-secondary education. Bursaries and loans have mild impacts on absorption of negative impacts on high tuition fees Before the implementation of the education policy, every government will have evaluated the short-term and long-terms impact of the policy. In the US and Canada among other nations, the government is aware that the rising of tuition fees would obviously have negative implications. For instance, according to Finnie, the Charest government planned to reinvest 35 percent on the total amount of money generated through hiked post secondary education on bursaries and loans through the financial aid program (159). The reinvestments are meant to ensure that those students who already have accessibility to bu rsaries would get more funding through bursaries and loans coupled with attracting more loan and bursary recipients. Since post-secondary bursaries allocation in Canada is done based on proof of the need of financial aid, application of this idea would mean leveraging the impact of the rise in tuition fees on the middle and low-income families to bring them at par with students from wealthy families. Putting in place such a strategy would mean exploration of exclusion policies based on financial endowment of the Canadians. Bearing in mind â€Å"40% of parents, independently of their revenue, do not help their children financially during their studies† (Finnie 161), the impacts of such an exclusion policy are expected to be spectacular before the public eyes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The argument here is that financial aid in response of the impacts of the financial hike on the accessibility of post-secondary education among middle and low-income households would not aid in the absorption of the resulting negative impacts of the fees hike. If the financial aid program is to absorb a significant amount of negative impacts of post-secondary education fee hikes, it needs to apply to all students irrespective of their financial status. Being a post-graduate does not necessarily mean having the power to finance education that is more expensive The notions behind increasing fees for postgraduates rest on the platforms of the argument that people with an advanced degree have the ability to earn more during their work lifespan in relation to the low-skilled people. For this reason, justification is made for escalating â€Å"international students, PhD, and masters degree students’ fees† (McElroy 13). In this context, McElroy argues that universities in Can ada have over exaggerated the earning of advanced degree holders in pursuit of higher fees (13). This exaggeration makes post-secondary education institutions charge fees beyond the market expectation and capability. Therefore, few graduates would seek access to post-graduate education. Basing the reason for increasing fees for postgraduate education on the assumption that post-graduates earn more in the labor market is flawed since it ignores that they also pay more incomes taxes, which in one way or another land in the basket for paying the costs of post-secondary education. The underlying argument is that, irrespective of the targeted population seeking post-secondary education in Canada by high fees, the accessibility to post-secondary education is influenced either directly or indirectly. The condition is shoddier for intercontinental and higher-grade students. As Kirby confirms, â€Å"While undergraduates, unlike the graduates, are not enrolled all year round, they do not pay fees during the months of summer† (273). Compared to alumnae, those still in college and or universities do not only have to disburse lower tuition charges but also disburse less charges for during a usual winter and fall school program. In 2010, international students had their tuition fees increased by 5.2 percent in Canada. Such an increase is prohibitive to accessing post-secondary education in Canada by the international students. Therefore, the more the tuition fess is hiked for graduate and international students, the more the chances of losing accessibility to Canadian post-secondary education. From the Veronique’s argument, â€Å"tuition hikes in the 1990s in the rest of Canada had decreased the participation in post-secondary education for youths from families earning less than $75 000 per year† (Para. 4), increase in tuition fees for undergraduates would mean a pronounced negative impact on post-secondary education accessibility levels. Conclusion The refore, based on the expositions made in the paper, it suffices to point out that, in the effort to build a skilled human resource capital base in Canada, post-secondary education is inevitable. Knowledgeable people have low felony rates, improved public activities, and reduced expenditures on health matters. In the modern Canada, a university degree is becoming almost a primary requirement for full participation of the citizens in the economy. Based on these benefits of post-secondary education, it would be almost imperative to presume that post-secondary education needs to be made easily accessible in Canada for all people irrespective of their social economic backgrounds. Unfortunately, as argued in the paper, this is not the case. Over the last two decades, there have been rising tuition fees for post-secondary education institutions in Canada. The paper held that, for all levels of education (postgraduate, graduate, and even undergraduate), increasing tuition fees has had the i mpact of reducing accessibility to the respective post-secondary education level. Works Cited Canadian Association of University Teachers. â€Å"The Economics of Access: The Fiscal Reality of PSE Costs for Low-Income Families.† CAUT Education Review 8.2(2006): 205-217. Print. Coelli, Michael. â€Å"Tuition fees and equality of university enrollment.† Canadian Journal of Economics 42.3(2009): 1072-1099. Print. Easton, Stephen, and Duane Rockerbie. â€Å"Optimal government subsidies to universities in the face of tuition and enrollment constraints.† Education Economics 16.2(2008): 191-201. Print. Finnie, Ross. â€Å"Student loans, student financial aid and post-secondary education in Canada.† Journal of Higher education Policy Management 24.2(2002): 155-170. Print. Kane, Thomas. The Price of Admission: Rethinking How Americans Pay for College. California: University of California Press, 2003. Print. Kirby, Dale. â€Å"Strategies for widening access in a q uasi-market higher education environment: recent developments in Canada.† Higher Education 62.3(2011): 267-278. Print. McElroy, Lori. Student Aid and University Persistence: Does Debt Matter? Montreal: Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation, 2005. Print. Statistics Canada and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. â€Å"At a Crossroads: First Results for the 18 to 20-Year-old Cohort of the Youth in Transition Survey.† Higher Education 12.1(2002):156-169. Print. Statistics Canada. â€Å"Participation in postsecondary education and family income.† The Daily (December 7, 2001): 17-18. Print. Veronique, Lisa. Give up university education? Together let’s stop the hike, 2012. Web. http://www.stopthehike.ca/. This essay on Do increases in tuition fees reduce access to post-secondary education in Canada? was written and submitted by user Tomas Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on BrandingEssay Writing Service

Essay on BrandingEssay Writing Service Essay on Branding Essay on BrandingThe contemporary business environment stimulate companies to conduct more aggressive business strategies oriented on the creation of the attractive brand, while branding has become a part of the marketing strategy of many companies. In actuality, companies cannot ignore their branding policy, if they want to maintain a successful competitive position because customers often view brand as the determinant factor that influences their decisions. As a result, the brand popularity can determine the overall success of the company in the market. At this point, it is possible to refer to the case of Natural Kitchen, the company operating in restaurant and food industry. At the moment, the company considers the possibility of the accelerated brand development to enhance its competitive position and attract new customers. The shift toward the intensive implementation of the new branding strategy has become the result of tightening competition in the industry and increased dema nds from the part of customers, who look for reputable and reliable brands. In such a situation, the creation of the popular and attractive brand by Natural Kitchen can put the company in an advantageous position compared to its rivals. This is why Natural Kitchen should focus on the further development of its branding strategy and create a popular and attractive brand to maintain its competitive position through the attraction of customers and developing their loyalty to the brand.Background and industry contextNatural Kitchen is the company operating in the food and restaurant industry. Natural Kitchen has the main shop in Marylebone High Street, with a further two in Holborn Tower Hill. In addition, the company has its cafà © and restaurant business. The company focuses on the development of its food â€Å"to go† or â€Å"eat in† which offer a large selection of seasonal salads, quiches, soups, sandwiches, cakes and sweets, etc. These are complemented by freshly m ade juices, smoothies, milkshakes, teas coffees. The company also offers catering which provides full catering and events services as well as personal catering. Moreover, the company has its own chef and butchers which sell a wide range of high quality free range organic meats.In such a way, the company focuses on the diversification of its products offering a variety of food products that are attractive for customers. The current situation in the market is quite challenging for the business development of Natural Kitchen but still the company has good opportunities for the further business development on the condition of keeping customers interested in the brand of the company and its products (Mohrman, 2008). Today, customers are interested in healthy food products and Natural Kitchen can offer them such products. However, supplying healthy products means that they have to be seasonal wherever possible. Moreover, they should be organic that means that they should be supplied by farmers, who implement the organic farming which does not admit the use of chemicals and other elements which may be dangerous for the environment or human health. Instead, they use natural elements only that makes their products organic and, therefore, healthy, safe, and environment friendly.Another trend in the food industry is the free range of products. The elimination of fiscal barriers stimulates the fast development of free trade internationally. As a result, new products enter the UK food market and customers have virtually no limits on purchasing any product which they want and can buy in the food market today. At the same time, the quality of food products becomes prior to their quantity because customers grow more and more concerned about their health that means that the food they eat should be healthy too. In such a situation, the food industry faces back to basics trends, when the industry returns back towards simpler food. Alternatively, some companies introduce  "new† superfoods which are supposed to be safe and healthy.CompetitorsAt the moment, the competition in the food industry of the UK grows tighter because customers grow more and more concerned about their health, while food is crucial for the health of customers. As a result, they prefer healthy food to conventional food supplied by the industrial farming and companies selling those products. In such a situation, Natural Kitchen and its rivals take a very prospective and attractive niche in the food market. To meet the growing demand, many companies enter the healthy food market that tightens the competition in the industry. In actuality, Daylesford Organic is one of the major rivals of Natural Kitchen. The company operates successfully and holds a strong position in the UK market being of the major powers that threaten to the position of Natural Kitchen as the leader of the organic, healthy food industry. At the same time, other healthy take-away places also create a strong r ivalry which Natural Kitchen has to deal with to maintain its successful marketing performance.Rationale for the brand’s evolutionIn the time of the tightening competition and new business opportunities, the company has to develop its brand and implement its aggressive, new branding policy to realize its full potential and take a stronger position in the highly competitive market. In such a situation, the brand evolution is essential to maintain the successful business development of Natural Kitchen. Otherwise, the company will steadily lose its position in the market and eventually the company may become unable to compete successfully, if it fails to enhance its brand over and over again.At the moment the company faces a number of threats, among which the emergence of many healthy alternatives is one of the main challenges to the current position of Natural Kitchen that requires the evolution of its brand and enhancement of its position in the market. In addition, the compan y faces internal problems. For instance, the Cafà © Restaurant is very noisy from the â€Å"kitchen†. Therefore, customers feel uncomfortable because the noise from the kitchen interferes into the communication and makes them feel tired soon, when they enter the Cafà © Restaurant. Furthermore, the Cafà © Restaurant should be at the same floor to create a better atmosphere. The creation of a warm, family-like atmosphere can help the company to attract more customers and develop the customer loyalty, if the company creates the image of the cafà © restaurant that is oriented on families. Therefore, children will develop the tradition of attending the cafà © and restaurant and may continue attending it in their adult life. Another problem the company faces at the moment is no hot food to takeaway. In such a way, customers, who may be willing to buy hot food to takeaway, may feel disappointed because the company cannot offer such products at the moment. In fact, the compa ny has to stand out and differentiate its products and services from those of rivals and branding can help the company to create the new public image of the company that may attract more customers.In actuality, the company has a number of opportunities, which the new brand strategy can help to implement and give the company a strategic competitive advantage. At the moment, the company can expand in the UK nationwide to become one of the leaders in the industry. In a long-run perspective, the company can expand to other countries and operate internationally. In this regard, the popularity of healthy food grows stronger and the company can take advantage and expand its business internationally. In addition, the company can complete the transition from sell groceries to luxury supermarket, take a new niche of the market and entering the premium segment of the market. The company can develop the daily meal delivery to attract more customers and increase the customer satisfaction. Howeve r, to conduct the branding evolution more successfully, the company should develop more advertisement and use advertisement to promote the new brand. The advertisement will attract more customers and help the company to enhance its position in the market. Moreover, the advertisement will help Natural Kitchen to create a recognizable brand.Essay on Branding part 2

Marks & Spencer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marks & Spencer - Essay Example Britain hypermarket net Tesco is one of such leaders. This company sails one third of all foodstuffs in the country. At first glance Tesco and Marks & Spencer have similar sites intended for online shopping. But in fact there is a good deal of differences, which can be disclosed after some working with the necessary parts of these sites. Marks & Spencer sails more elegant staffs (like clothes, gifts or furniture), so it's aimed to another audience. But surely the same person can do shopping as in Tesco so in Marks & Spencer shops, but in Tesco - each day, while in Marks & Spencer once a week or rarely. Tesco set close cooperation with University College London. The scientists offered new methods of gathering, checking, collating, review, storage, access, retrieval and update of statistics information of retail sells. Fed every second by Tesco's 12 million Clubcard holders, the Crucible database could in theory generate about 12 billion pieces of data a year if each cardholder bought just 20 items a week. This information is analyzed very attentively. MIS helps managers to understand what goods are sold better together, to place them accordingly on the counters in supermarkets. Experts, who carry out such analysis for Tesco, insist that the company has one of the biggest customer databases in the world. National brand buildup took place thanks to Tesco owners and managers, who understood British customers wishes, whims and the mechanism of decision making. It became possible after using Management Information System (MIS). In fact company's managers pay much attention to analyzing the customers behavior: what, when and why do they buy and in what way is it possible to lead them to buy more. At first, hypermarket provides constant (season, holiday, single) discounts for that goods and stuffs, which customer buys oftener then others. At the end of a quarter each Clubcard holder gets voucher, equivalent to sum total, he spent in Tesco hypermarkets. Additionally they are rewarded with coupons, which allow discounts to that goods, the customers can enjoy (according to MIS results). Surely, this generated information is based on purchase data analysis. Management Information System (relevant module) defines the consumer goods basket, which can be potentially interested to a customer. During the quarter Tesco sells about 6 million letters with propositions of different discounts to loyal clients. Surely, Marks & Spencer hasn't such a model. But they needn't! Their target audience differs from Tesco's, so as their discount system. They also offers great discounts on their site and a customer can immediately watch it. Let's provide a comparative analysis between two these sites. Each side should contain company information. At Marks & Spencer website this information is represented rather widely: you can see as general information (company

Contemporary issues in business (Primark) Essay

Contemporary issues in business (Primark) - Essay Example Based on the success rate of the company, it has become apparent that more stores are needed to be added to the chain for improving its value. The company caters to the customers belonging from diverse age groups (Primark Stores Limited, 2013). It targets those consumers who are fashion conscious and want proper value in return for their money. The company caters to the market by way of fulfilment of needs of the people by supplying both menswear and ladies-wear. In addition, it also aims to meet the requirement of the market by way of supplying other products that range from accessories & hosiery, children’s wear and footwear among others. The company is said to attain a sales target of ?3.5billion in the year 2012 which is quite impressive (Northern and Shell Media Publications, 2013). The company has a very effective supply chain that brings together different manufacturing units in India, Turkey, and Bangladesh, China and other countries, having a number of retail outlets in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and in other parts of Europe (The Times Newspaper Limited and  ©MBA Publishing Ltd, 2010; Dobson, 2004). In relation to the ethical and corporate social responsibility, the company acts in a much diversified manner. It focuses upon delivering quality products at cheap prices and at the same time retaining the customers by way of creating value for the goods which are manufactured. Identification of the CSR responsibilities of Primark is considered to be the main theme of the paper. Additionally, the paper also aims to highlight various reasons for which the company focuses upon developing and third world countries in relation to sourcing of its products. A Snapshot of Primark Store Source: (The Times Newspaper Limited and  ©MBA Publishing Ltd, 2010) 2.0 Reasons for Sourcing From Developing Countries The primary reason for sourcing from developing countries is to source the products in an efficient manner. Moreover, the company in order to improve the manufacturing process the company opted for developing countries. Another reason was to utilise the local fabrics for producing the products. The other reason for sourcing was to create a strong focus on the current product trends (Choi, 2012). 2.1 Growth Rate It would enable to provide high opportunity of growth to the developing nations. It would allow the company to achieve the high rates of growth because it will get to expand its business channels. Primark’s business expansion comes from fulfilling the needs of the customers along with continuing to expand its markets in the selected regions. The company is able to implement very effective marketing strategies as it is primarily laying its focus upon the developing countries. These factors can prove to be concurrent in relation to the aspects related to growth (Grose, 2011).Therefore, the company planned to source its products from developing countries to attain high rate of growth through sourcing the products from developing nations (Grose, 2011). 2.2 Competitive Advantage This would lead to growth of an ideal company

The theme of honour Essay Example for Free

The theme of honour Essay The theme of Honours tongue. Is this a good description of Henry VI Part 1? Henry IV Part 1 is a Shakespearian play of the young Prince Hal who is many ways is not ready to accept his role as the Prince of England. He is immature and disloyal in his fathers eyes. He befriends drunkards, socializes in lonely taverns or whore-houses, and, at the beginning of the play, is not a fit prince, let alone a fit heir to the thrown. The second scene of the play Hals first is set in the tavern. We are immediately introduced to Hals friend, Sir Jack Falstaff. From his title, Falstaff might seem gracious, brave and sensible, some of the qualities that might usually be used to describe one who has been knighted. However, Falstaff is fat, drunken, old, flabby and a thief. In Act 2 Scene 2, and the scenes that follow, Falstaff is summed up a great deal. He is carrying Out a robbery upon some travelers, firstly showing his side as a thief and a rogue. Have you any levers to lift me up again, being down? This quote shows Jacks fat side. After Falstaff and his croanies have carried out the robbery, they are immediately robbed themselves by Prince Hal and his less abominable friend, Poins. When the men meet again at the tavern, Falstaff runs out a huge story of how the money was stolen by him successfully, but then immediately taken by a group of. A hundred . some dozen . Sixteen at least some six or seven (finally) if I fought not with fifty of them, I am a bunch of radish. When the Prince and Poins prove Jack wrong he only replies that he knew that it was the two of them all along. On the other extreme in the play is a man named Hotspur. He is the son of the Duke of Northumberland and is everything the King wishes his son was; everything which Hal is not. In Act 3 scene 2 of the play, the King tells that his son might have been switched at birth with Hotspur, so that he could have a son to be proud of, not one he would be reluctant to let sit on the throne. Hotspur, Hals opposite in the play, is hot-headed, valiant, and a good fighter. Hal apparently has none of these qualities, reflected by the people with whom he socialises. Act 2 scene 4 contains the main climax of the play. This is the scene following the robbery. Towards the end of it, Falstaff and the Prince act out a play conversation between the Prince and his father, with the King examining his son on the particulars of his life. Firstly, the Prince plays himself, and the two act out a humorous scene, with fun being made of the good portly man whom Hal befriends. At the end of this play, the two switch with Jack as the Prince and the Prince standing as his father. Although Jack makes effort to lighten the situation, repeating the previous play, the scene darkens as this second act-out descends into a serious play. Towards the end of the second play (within the play ), Jack starts to squirm. to say I know more harm in him (Falstaff) than in myself, were to say more than I knowbanish Peto, banish Bardolf, banish Poins banish plump Jack, and banish all the world. I do, I will (the Prince replies). At this point, the climax of the play, Prince Hal reveals that his father will have the man hung. However, the play between the Prince and Falstaff is made to reflect the Princes views. This scene is the first scene of honour within the play, and the scenario itself that Hal will become King and forget his thieving friends is the most obvious and important reflection of honour throughout the play. The scenario is also accompanied by another theme of honour within the play. For example, at the very end of scene 1 in the fifth act, Falstaff runs off a speech showing his views on honour. Can honour set to a leg? No or rake away the grief of a wound? No. Honour hath no skill in surgery then? No. What is honour? A word air. This contrasts between Hals views on honour and how he displays it through the play (rising from the depths of a scum-filled tavern, to go to the battlefield and risk his life) and Jacks views on the word, magnifies the theme of honour which runs through the play.

The Lottery Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Message Sent in â€Å"The Lottery†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shock value of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is not only widely known, but also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of entertainment and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As long as human civilization has existed, so has the idea of death or suffering, or taking a chance of death or suffering, as a form of entertainment. This can be traced back as far the day of the Roman gladiator, when an event was staged in a coliseum where people watched someone lose their life as a form of entertainment. Also, executions, once public, provide entertainment as they cause an inescapable excitement as an escape from the normal routine of daily life. This form of entertainment is displayed in â€Å"The Lottery† as the character Tessie Hutchinson is stoned in public because she won the town’s annual lottery and as the character Old Man Warner claims in the story, â€Å"There’s always been a lottery† (Jackson 275). People also take a chance of harming themselves for entertainment in event of drug usage or extreme sports. The townspeople harm themselves in â€Å"The Lottery† by harming another person. However, this form of entertainment can also take another...

Innovative Technology: the Lead Cause of Employee Redundancy? A Literature Review

Introduction Technological developments have led to an increase in adoption of different innovative technological solutions in organisations. Several positive consequences have emanated from this, including the increase in efficiency of operations (Thompson, 2011). There have also been negative consequences, one of these being the fact that services of some employees are rendered unnecessary, leading to their possible dismissal (Klehe et al., 2011). This section intends to carry out an in-depth and critical review of literature on the adoption of innovation technology and employee redundancy. Workplace Innovation and Innovative Technologies In order to understand the need for innovative technologies, it is vital to develop an understanding of innovation at the workplace. Innovation is defined by Mumford (2012) as the process by which new ideas, methods or devices are introduced so as to provide better solutions for issues being faced by an organisation. The constant changes in the business environment, coupled with an increasing competition across all business industries have made innovation an inevitable option for almost all companies (Thompson, 2011). According to Sung and Choi (2014), workplace innovation is at the intersection of three organisational elements, which are technology, skills, and human resource management. The coexistence of these elements lies in the fact that when the adoption of technology is driven by the strategic human resource management policies, there is a likelihood of HR managers to improve organisational processes through investing in employee training programs to improve their skills. Con versely, static human resource management presents a barrier to the adoption of technology and thus, less workplace innovation (Tushman & O’Reilly, 2013). This perspective of workplace innovation clearly indicates that technology adoption plays a key role. Technological innovation is the development or extensive adoption of new and better technologies by organisations (Nordhaus, 2007). Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2011) argue that there has been an increasing pace of technological innovations, which is expected to further increase in future. There are a variety of innovative technologies, which is based on the differences in services and products that are offered by different companies. Whereas development of innovative technologies has been in place for a long time, it was accelerated by the onset of information and computer technologies in the 1960s (Teece, 2010). Often referred to as the computer revolution, it began with the initial use of computers commercially and went on t hrough the introduction of the internet and later, e-commerce (Nordhaus, 2007). Even though they may be expensive to acquire and maintain, there are several advantages that are associated with these innovative technologies (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2011). For businesses, one of the advantages is the reduction of costs. This is because it reduces the overdependence on employees and as a result, eliminates expenses that could be incurred in form of salaries, benefits and training costs. It also eliminates the losses associated with employee turnover and reduces wastages in operations (Davenport, 2013). For manufacturing companies, it makes it easier for them to streamline their processes and implement lean manufacturing strategies (Leiponen & Helfat, 2010). Innovative technologies also increase productivity and reduce downtime. Campbell-Kelly (2009) argues that algorithms used in computerisation of tasks in workplaces eliminate biases that are typical to humans. Whilst human have to ful fil other tasks that are unrelated to their occupations like eating, sleeping and grooming that often disrupt their work routines, algorithms are programmed to accomplish the range of tasks that it is allocated without these interruptions. As a result, it enables companies to meet demands from customers, expand their operations and increase their returns (Campbell-Kelly, 2009). Trends in Innovative Technologies In explaining workplace innovative technologies of the 21st century, Autor et al. (2003) categorise tasks into four. These are routine, non-routine, manual and cognitive tasks. Routine tasks are those that are accomplished by following explicit steps, and can be easily executed by machines. Non-routine tasks, on the other hand, are more complex, and have not been adequately understood by programmers to develop a specified computer mode for their operations (Autor et al., 2003). Both routine and non-routine tasks can then be classified into cognitive or manual tasks. Whereas manual tasks relate to physical duties, cognitive tasks relate to manual work. Historically, automation or computerisation was limited to routine manual and cognitive tasks, which are known to involve explicit activities that are rule-based. However, with the technological developments that have taken place over the years, even tasks that are non-routine are also being automated (David & Dorn, 2013). Examples of i nnovative technologies being used in present-day organisations are mobile robotics. These are widely used in the health and manufacturing sectors to accomplish tasks that were initially handled by manual labour (Gomes, 2011; Dudek & Jenkin, 2010). Other tasks, as illustrated by Autor et al. (2003), include navigation of automobiles, deciphering handwritings, fraud detections and healthcare diagnostics. In healthcare, for instance, oncologists in leading medical centres are the Watson computer from IBM to offer chronic care and diagnostics for cancer treatment (Cohn, 2013). The computer utilises data from 600,000 medical reports, 2 million pages of from medical journal articles and 1.5 million criminal trials and patient records to benchmark and recognize patterns. This enables the computer to make a near accurate comparison of a person’s genetics, symptoms and history of his/her family medications so as to come up with the most appropriate plan for treatment (Cohn, 2013). Nor mally, it could take many employees to analyse all this data in order to provide a near-accurate diagnosis and treatment prescription. The fact that all these can be executed by a single machine renders many hospital employees jobless (Walker, 2014). This is one of the examples that denote the milestones that have been reached in regard to technological innovation. Societal Impacts of Innovative Technologies There are several societal impacts that have been associated with the adoption of innovative technologies in organisations. Of interest in this study, however, are their impacts on the jobs of employees in different organisations. This concern has been raised by several researchers, including Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2011), who argue that automated or computer controlled equipment have widely contributed to the recent increase in the levels of unemployment across the world. They also state that automation is no longer limited to routine tasks in manufacturing industries (Autor et al., 2003). It is increasingly being applied on other autonomous tasks, which increases the possibility of a reduction on the demand for manual tasks. An example is the recent development of an autonomous driverless car by Google (Rathod, 2013). In another study by Beaudry et al. (2013), they also established that within the past 10 years, there has been a huge decline in the demand of manual skill as a resu lt of increased automation and dependency on computer and information technology. This is even with the increase in the number of people who enrol in and graduate from higher education institutions. This research, however, fails to put into consideration the jobs that have been created as a result of technological developments and the computer revolution. Among the industries that have prospered because of information technology and, as a result, absorbed many employees include the telecommunications sector (Leiponen & Helfat, 2010). According to Acemoglu (2011), this has resulted into a situation where skilled employees have move down the occupational ladder to take up roles that were originally handles by semi-skilled or unskilled employees. This pushes the low-skilled labourers further down the ladder, forcing some of them to move out of employment. These findings concur with David and Dorn’s (2013), who established that there are increasing proportions of skilled workers in organisations. This does not, however, mean that there is an ongoing creation of jobs for skilled employees. It means that automation has taken up most of the jobs that were originally handled by skilled and semi-skilled employees. Several questions have been raised in regard to technological innovations and employee job security (David & Dorn, 2013). One of these is the extent of unemployment that will be brought about by innovative technologies. With the on-going trends of automating tasks that were originally considered as un-automatable, even skilled employees face the risk of losing their jobs. By losing jobs, these people also lose a source of income, making the impacts to spill over to their families and dependants (Acemoglu, 2011). Even with the widely available evidence on ‘technological unemployment’ resulting from these technological innovations, there are economists who still insist that it cannot happen (Campa, 2014). They argue that even though automati on leads to the displacement of workers, it reduces operational prices in several companies, leading to reduced prices. These reduced prices trigger increased consumer demands, which require more products and services to be satisfied. As a result, more industries will have to be created, which provide a basis for hiring more workers. This argument is often referred to as the Luddite fallacy (Walker, 2014). Even though this has been more or less true for the past two centuries, it is yet to be proved whether it will still hold true with the acceleration in technological innovations that has been facilitated by the computer revolution. Governmental approaches to employee redundancy The effect of automation on employment in the United Kingdom and across the globe has raised concerns among different stakeholders (Acemoglu, 2011). As organisations continue to take advantage of technological advancements to increase their competitive positions in their various industries of operation, more employees face the risk of losing their jobs. In response to this, there are several policies that have been put in place by the government to reduce redundancy (Gov.uk, 2014). However, these policies are general and do not focus on the redundancy that may be brought about by technological innovations in the workplace. Some of the reasons that are cited for redundancy, alongside adoption of technological innovations, include changing the location of business premises, acquisition of one company by another or reduction of staff members with the aim of cutting costs in the organisation (Griffith & Macartney, 2014). In case an employee is selected to be made redundant, employers are required to provide a clear explanation for the decision. Some of the reasons that can be included as explanations for this are skills and qualifications of the employee, their attendance and disciplinary records, success/lack of success at the workplace and their overall workplace performance (Gov.uk, 2014). Reasons for redundancy ought not to be related to prejudice or discrimination. There also has to be an appeal procedure that provides employees with a platform to question his/her selection for redundancy in case they feel that the selection is unfair in any way. On dismissal, companies are also required to pay their employees a statutory redundancy pay (Gov.uk, 2014). Whereas these policies offer a slight reprieve to employees in regard to losing their jobs to technology, there has been no quantifiable argument to pinpoint their effectiveness (Griffith & Macartney, 2014). Even with the extensive research that has been carried out on innovative technologies and their effects o n employment, there is still a shortage of literature that explains the approaches that companies can use to retain employees while adopting these innovative technologies. How to find a balance between innovative technologies and employment Referring to the literature that has been reviewed on innovative technologies and the ‘technological unemployment’, it is clear that the most likely trend will be an increased adoption of innovative technologies at the workplace, with a consequent increase in technological unemployment (Huizingh, 2011; Campa, 2014). However, there are different approaches that have been suggested by researchers that will help in reducing the adverse impacts of technological innovations on employment and employee living conditions. For instance, Piovarciova (2014) suggests that governments need to introduce an unconditional basic income for the growing number of unemployed people. This will result in the continuation of the market economy as the cycle of consumer spending will be propped up. Yet, this suggestion has been downplayed by many, with some arguing that providing everyone with a guaranteed basic income will mean that the working populations will have to part with more money in form of taxes (Gajewska, 2014). Another approach was offered by Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2012) who suggested that, in order to avoid being overtaken by machines in workplaces, people need to work towards advancing their capabilities faster than the pace with which technological advancements are taking place. In addition to this, super-intelligent minds ought to develop new desires that will trigger the creation of new industries (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2012). However, all these suggestions may be impractical because the acceleration in development of innovative technologies that has been facilitated by computer and information technology could be challenging to catch up with. Moreover, some of the human capabilities that will have to be advanced include skills in designing and developing new and more advanced innovative technologies, which are being fought against in the first place. Mitigating employee redundancy caused by technological advancement As earlier established, there are several reasons why companies lay off employees, one of these being automation of tasks. Automation reduces costs of operation, standardises quality of repetitive processes and increases the pace at which work is done. However, not all layoffs are necessary (Bartels et al., 2012). There are several measures through which employee redundancy can be mitigated. This section intends to address some of them. Effective strategic planning All successful organisations have managers who are strategic planners and future oriented. The ability to take chances and make future projections determines if the company will survive the tough times that are the norm of a globalised and competitive world. In line with this proposition, Autor et al. (2003) state that a clear, elaborate, well-planned and structured strategic plan ensures that the organisation is prepared for any eventualities. As such, organisations need to prepare for technological advancements and make the necessary adjustments in their workforce. One of the adjustments that can be made is distributing employees who could be redundant to other departments to reinforce their operations (Gall, 2011). Hiring highly skilled employees and offering employee training Based on analysis conducted by Waters (2007), technological advancement ordinarily automates most of the functionality of an organisation that does not require highly skilled and/or specialised labour. As su ch, companies whose larger population of employees is not highly skilled are susceptible to employee redundancy in case of technological innovations in the organisation (Walker, 2014). To mitigate this while still allowing the company to grow and advance, organisations should have a highly skilled, effectively trained and tested labour force, which will still be effective after acquisition of new technological innovations. Gall (2011), who concurs with this opinion, states that organisations are expected to invest heavily in training staff that can facilitate growth and stability of the organisation. The limitation of this strategy is that not all tasks in the organisation require a high level of skills to be accomplished (Bartels et al., 2012). In addition, if skilled employees are assigned tasks that they consider not to match with their skill set, they are likely to seek employees in other companies, increasing employee turnover. Continuous evaluation of employees Even with the automations of tasks in organisations, companies will still find it difficult to dismiss employees they regard as being valuable to the organisation. There is thus a need for standards to be set to gauge the performance such as performance appraisals (Waters, 2007). Rewards can be put in place for employees who positively contribute towards the organisation’s prosperity and punitive measures for those who do not. With such measures, employees will continuously upgrade their skills and increase their value to the organization (Palaiologos et al., 2011). This will increase their chance of retention in case of an automation of tasks. Even with such measures in place, there will still be employees who will be not as effective as others. Employee cross-training Cross-training refers to the provision of training for employees to enable them improve their levels of proficiency in roles other than those of their functional areas or departments (Ramanigopal et al., 2012). An example is when an employee in the production team of an organisation is provided with training on roles in the human resource department. Whereas this is commonly done with the aim of replacing employees who might have moved to other organisations, dismissed or on leave, it can also be used to mitigate employee redundancy occurring as a result of automation. Employees whose jobs will be taken over by machines can be distributed to other functional areas, where they will effectively fit (Abernathy, 2011). Cross-training, however, has the limitation of being costly to the organisation. Planned and progressive acquisition of innovative technology Most organisations tend to apply technological advancement as a reactive measures rather than an active measure (Gall, 2011). As a reactive measure, organisations apply technological advancement for purposes such as warding off competition, subscribing to the new standards set by the government or other regulatory bodies, meeting the unexpected high demand from the clients or any other reason which was not planned but rather as a result of unavoidable circumstances. In such cases, employee redundancy is normally high and there is need to take action against it (Campa, 2014). However, this can be mitigated through planned and progressive implementation of technological advancement. When technological advancement is planned, the organization will be ready for the change and the employees will be adequately skilled to tag along with the change and still be relevant (Teece, 2010). Progressive implementation will allow for critical analysis of the impact if the technological advancement a nd thus laying down better strategies or corrective measures to mitigate the negative impacts of the technology while at the same time reduce employee redundancy (Gall, 2011). All the suggested approaches towards mitigation of employee redundancy as a result of technological innovation only provide a slight solution. This is because of the fact that whilst the current employees in the organisations will be retained, there will be a shortage of employment positions to accommodate new workers (Walker, 2014). Thus, this will only provide a shot-term solution to technological unemployment. The relationship between technological advancement and unemployment Employee redundancy that is majorly caused by technological advancement is also regarded as one of the primary contributors to the high levels of unemployment in the society (Autor et al., 2003). In order to fully understand the concepts behind the relationship between technological advancement and unemployment, one has to understand the genesis of formal employment and technological advancement. From the onset of capitalism in the society, there was need for specialised labour to ensure that the high demand for goods and services was met. The surplus production of food led to larger populations and thus higher demand for goods and services. The industrial revolution helped to set the platform on which technology was used in industries to enhance productivity and maximise on the resources available (Huizingh, 2011). The use of technology helped to automate repetitive tasks and standardise the quality of goods. The more beneficial technology was to the organisations, the more it was harnessed to ensure that capitalism prevailed and the needs of the people were met. However, the unskilled labourers lost their jobs when machines were able to do the work that they did faster and at lower costs (Antonelli, 2014). This situation led to the term commonly referred to as technological unemployment where people lost their jobs to machines. The use of machinery led to the employment of only skilled labour (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2011). The invention of computers was revolutionary to the way humans lived, communicated with each other and also the way they worked (Gajewska, 2014). There was more automation of functions in organisations and the skills that people possessed then were rendered obsolete. According to Ayres (2009), many organisations, such as Google, have specific departments that are focused on research and development of new technologies to make work cheaper, easier and faster. Each and every day, there is a new invention aimed at making life for humans better but the inventions could also lead to massive unemployment (Campa, 2014). The development of robotics is one of the forms of technological advancement that has led to unemployment. Robots are being used to perform the tasks that were initially being performed by people (Ayres & Warr, 2009). For example, as earlier stated, Google has recently launched a driverless car which is not prone to accidents (Rathod, 2013). These technologies require highly skilled labour to operate. However, since most of the world’s population is unskilled thus technology is leaving them jobless thus increasing the levels of unemployment (Campa, 2014). The acceleration if the digital revolution is conditioned by the basic human desire to be better. Tasks that were considered to be complex and had to be done by highly skilled professionals are also being overtaken by technology (Nordhaus, 2007). Careers, such as banking, are being taken over by automated teller machines and online banking leading to unemployment of skilled labour. The use of 3D printers and the integration of artificial intelligence in the technological advancement concepts are leading to obsolesce of skills that were considered impressive, such as surgery (Cohn, 2013). As much as technological advancement is criticised for causing massive unemployment in variou s industries for both skilled and unskilled labour, there are many jobs which may be related to the technological advancements which have been created as a result (Mumford, 2012). For instance, although the librarians and libraries are becoming less significant with the invention of computers and the internet, jobs for people who are manufacturing the computing devices have been created. In addition, other computer and information technology related industries, like telecommunications, have expanded and created more jobs (Leiponen & Helfat, 2010). Technological advancement can thus be regarded as constructive destruction where it causes unemployment in some sectors while creating employment in others. The future of technological advancement Technology has been regarded as a solution for several problems within and outside organisations. This mentality has deterred people from considering the adverse impacts that it has on society. One of the many drawbacks of technological advancement is employee redundancy, which is the subject of this study. In this regard, researchers like Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2012) are for the opinion that technology is but an improved means to unimproved ends and cannot equal social and moral progress. According to Walker (2014), as technological advancements progress, there are resulting limitations in people’s learning abilities and their flexibility in adopting new ideas. This will in turn limit their innovation and as such, the rate of technological advancement will decline. However, Gomes (2011) presents a conflicting argument, stating that technological advancement is limitless and will continue to advance as long as humanity survives. This is because of the tendency of human beings to design easier approaches to day-to-day tasks. Human beings strive on a daily basis to make their lives better and are not satisfied with the level of progress made. Even though several strides have been made, there still is need for improvement (Huizingh, 2011). This is evidenced by the recent technological innovations that have been made, included the development of smartphones and driverless cars. In addition, for all innovations, there are often flaws or discoveries of better ways tha t they can deliver their intended tasks. Thus, there is a persistent need for further improvements of previous designs (Acemoglu, 2011). One of the factors that could limit the adoption of innovative technologies in workplaces is the increasing concern of their greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption (Wheeler, 2013). However, this concern is being addressed by a further development of technological innovations that are more environmental friendly, and use sustainable energy sources like solar and wind power (Hansmann et al., 2012). Based on these findings, unless raw materials needed to facilitate technological advancements are depleted, technological advancements are expected to endless. Summary This section has reviewed a wider range of literature on innovative technologies at the workplace and its impacts on employee redundancy. A wide range of literature suggests a positive relationship between the adoption of innovative technology and technological unemployment. However, the Luddite fallacy developed by some economists states that that there is no positive relationship between the two. Other issues that have been addressed in this section include the trends in innovative technologies, the affects that they have on social life and how the resulting employee redundancy can be mitigated. In regard to whether there will be an end to technological advancements, most of the literature that has been reviewed suggests that technological innovation will progress. This argument is supported by the trends in technology innovations in the 21st century, where tasks that are non-routine and were considered as being non-automatable, are now being automated. One of the gaps that have be en identified in literature is on the measures being taken by organisations to limit employee redundancy as a result of technological innovation. References Abernathy, W.B. (2011). An analysis of the effects of selected management practices on organizational productivity and performance. Performance Improvement, 50(6), pp.39-47. Acemoglu, D. (2011). Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for employment and earnings. Handbook of Labor Economics, 4, pp.1043-171. Antonelli, C. (2014). The economics of innovation, new technologies and structural change. New Jersey: Routledge. Autor, D., Levy, F. & Murnane, R. (2003). The skill content of recent technological change: An empirical exploration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), p.1279–1333. Ayres, R.U. & Warr, B. (2009). The Economic Growth Engine: How Energy and Work Drive Material Prosperity. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing. Bartels, B., Ermel, U., Sandborn, P. & Pecht, M.G. (2012). Strategies to the Prediction, Mitigation and Management of Product Obsolescence. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Beaudry, P., Green, D.A. & Sand, B.M. (2013). The great reversal in the demand for skill and cognitive tasks. NBER Working Paper. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. Brynjolfsson, E. & McAfee, A. (2011). 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